1. What is the integrated technology of water and fertilizer?

A: In a narrow sense, fertilization is applied through an irrigation system, and crops absorb nutrients while absorbing water. Fertilization, which is usually carried out at the same time as irrigation, is achieved by injecting a fertilizer solution into the irrigation water pipeline under the action of pressure. Fertilizer dissolved irrigation water is sprayed onto crops or dripping into the root zone through an irrigator (sprinkler, micro-sprinkler, dripper, etc.). Broadly speaking, it is to apply fertilizer after dissolving, including showering, watering, spraying, pipeline application, etc.

2. What is the theoretical basis of water and fertilizer integration technology?

A: A plant has two "mouths", the root system is its large mouth, and the leaves are its small mouths. A large amount of nutrients are absorbed through the root system. Foliar sprays can only be supplementative. How do we get the fertilizer we apply to the soil to reach the plant's mouth? There are usually two processes. One is called the diffusion process. After the fertilizer is dissolved, it enters the soil solution, and the nutrients near the root surface are absorbed, and the concentration decreases, and the concentration of the soil solution away from the root surface is relatively high, resulting in diffusion, and the nutrients move to the root surface of the lower concentration, and finally are absorbed. The other process is called mass flow. Plants open their leaf stomata in the presence of sunlight and undergo transpiration (a physiological phenomenon of plants), resulting in water loss. The root system must continuously absorb water for transpiration of the leaves. When the water near the root system is absorbed, the distant water flows to the root surface, and the nutrients dissolved in the water also reach the root surface and are absorbed by the root system. Therefore, the fertilizer must be dissolved in order to be absorbed, and the insoluble fertilizer plant "can't eat" and is ineffective. In practice, irrigation and fertilization are required to be carried out at the same time (or integrated management of water and fertilizer), so that the fertilizer applied to the soil is fully absorbed, and the fertilizer utilization rate is greatly improved.

3. What are the commonly used water and fertilizer integration measures?

Answer: The prerequisite for the integration of water and fertilizer is to dissolve the fertilizer first. It is then administered in a variety of ways. Such as foliar spraying, shoulder spraying and watering, emerging tube application, sprinkler irrigation application, micro sprinkler irrigation application (the most popular waterbelt spraying in the south), drip irrigation application, trunk injection application, etc. Among them, drip irrigation application has the best effect and saves fertilizer due to the extension of fertilization time.

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